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Philippine History and Government: A Comprehensive Overview by Carlito Garcia
This article is a summary of the book Philippine History and Government by Carlito Garcia, which is a textbook for senior high school students in the Philippines. The book covers the history of the Philippines from pre-colonial times to the present, as well as the political, social, economic, and cultural aspects of Philippine society. The book aims to provide a balanced and objective perspective on the historical events and issues that shaped the Filipino nation and identity.
The book is divided into six units, each consisting of several chapters. The first unit discusses the geographical features, natural resources, and ethnic diversity of the Philippines, as well as the origins and culture of the early Filipinos. The second unit traces the discovery and colonization of the Philippines by Spain, and the integration of the archipelago into the Spanish Empire. The third unit examines the birth of Filipino nationalism and the emergence of reformist and revolutionary movements against Spanish rule. The fourth unit explores the intervention of the United States in the Philippine Revolution, and the subsequent establishment of American colonial rule. The fifth unit analyzes the struggle for Philippine independence and sovereignty from both foreign and domestic threats, as well as the development of Philippine democracy and nation-building. The sixth unit reviews the challenges and opportunities faced by the Philippines in the 21st century, such as globalization, regional integration, human rights, environmental issues, and social justice.
The book is written in a clear and concise manner, with ample illustrations, maps, tables, charts, and timelines to aid comprehension. It also includes review questions, activities, exercises, and references at the end of each chapter to reinforce learning. The book is intended to help students develop critical thinking skills, historical awareness, civic consciousness, and patriotic values.Here are some additional paragraphs for the article:
Unit 1: The Philippines: Its Land and People
This unit introduces the physical and human geography of the Philippines, as well as the origins and culture of the early Filipinos. The first chapter describes the location, size, shape, climate, natural resources, and biodiversity of the Philippines. It also explains the concept of archipelagic doctrine and its implications for Philippine sovereignty and territorial integrity. The second chapter discusses the various theories on the peopling of the Philippines, such as the migration, diffusion, and evolution theories. It also identifies the major ethnic groups in the Philippines, their languages, religions, customs, and traditions. The third chapter explores the culture and civilization of the early Filipinos before the arrival of the Spaniards. It highlights the achievements and contributions of the early Filipinos in various fields, such as agriculture, trade, arts, literature, government, law, and religion.
Unit 2: Rediscovery and Colonization of the Philippines
This unit traces the discovery and colonization of the Philippines by Spain, and the integration of the archipelago into the Spanish Empire. The first chapter narrates the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 and his encounter with Lapu-Lapu in Mactan. It also explains the motives and consequences of Spanish exploration and conquest in Asia and America. The second chapter examines the establishment and consolidation of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. It describes the political, economic, social, and religious institutions that governed and controlled the Filipino people under Spanish domination. It also analyzes the impact of Spanish colonization on Filipino culture and identity. The third chapter evaluates the resistance and adaptation of the Filipinos to Spanish colonial rule. It discusses the various forms and causes of Filipino revolts against Spain, as well as the factors that enabled or hindered their success. It also identifies the positive and negative effects of Spanish colonial rule on Filipino society. 061ffe29dd